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Current situation and challenge of registry in China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 294-299 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0355-x

摘要：

Increasing emphasis has been placed on registries for an organized system used in developing clinical research to improve health care. China has sufficient data that can be applied broadly, but the heterogeneity and irregularity of registries limit their applicability. This article aims to describe the status of registries in China and the related challenges. Patient registries for observational studies were retrieved from the International Clinical Trials Registry to quantitatively evaluate the number of comparatively high-quality registries in China. A literature search was also performed to provide support and updates. A total of 64 patient registries were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov using disease, product, and health service as criteria. The sample sizes ranged from 15 to 30 400, with only 12 registries marked as completed. This article describes and compares the detailed information in many aspects. The efficient use of registries has already made considerable progress in China; however, registries still require standardization, high-quality transition, and coordinated development.

关键词： observational study     Chinese     registry study     patient registries    

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Consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) for traditional Chinese medicine: current situation

Zhaoxiang Bian, Baoyan Liu, David Moher, Taixiang Wu, Youping Li, Hongcai Shang, Chungwah Cheng

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 171-177 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0132-z

摘要： The reporting standards for randomized controlled trials were first published in 1996 by a group of scientists under the name “CONSORT,” which means consolidated standards of reporting trials. Revisions followed in 2001 and 2010. A draft of the CONSORT for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was published in both Chinese and English in 2007. After publication of the draft, comments were solicited from the medical community. Some papers did raise concerns about which items should be included in the CONSORT for TCM such as the rationale of the trial design, intervention, outcome assessment, and adverse events. We have now reached the next step which is the finalization of the CONSORT for TCM. Three tasks remain. First, the major changes in CONSORT statement 2010 should be integrated into the CONSORT for TCM. Second, Chinese drugs from minerals and animals should be included in the guidelines. Finally, agreement must be reached among the working groups. Once the draft is finalized, wide dissemination and co-publication will be considered.

关键词： CONSORT for TCM     reporting standards     future development    

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Decentralized wastewater treatment technologies and management in Chinese villages

Xuesong GUO,Zehang LIU,Meixue CHEN,Junxin LIU,Min YANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第6期   页码 929-936 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0623-z

摘要： Problems treating sewage in rural areas in China have attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, only 6% of rural areas had spray drainage and wastewater treatment systems by the end of 2010. It is necessary to assess the technologies currently used so that sewage treatment in rural areas can be developed appropriately, to provide reliable and affordable wastewater treatment, in these areas. We evaluated the sewage treatment technologies currently used in rural areas by conducting case studies on 62 facilities that had each been operating for at least one year. Our study was carried out between 2009 and 2011, and the aim was to assess the situation during that period and assess any problems involved in decentralized sewage treatment in villages. We found that decentralized sewage treatment is the most popular wastewater treatment method in villages, and that the most common primary treatment technology used in rural areas is the septic tank. Our investigation highlights the need to establish standards for assessing effluent quality, including a range of target pollutants. Our results also show that effluents should be reused to meet the local environmental requirements in different areas, especially in ecologically sensitive areas.

关键词： decentralized treatment     strategy     sustainable development     village     wastewater treatment situation    

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中国农业发展现状与展望

卢良恕

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第11期   页码 28-31

摘要：

文章从农业生产持续稳定增长、乡镇企业异军突起、农民生活水平显著改善、农业国际合作与交往 发展迅速、农村经济体制改革成效显著等五个方面论述了中国农业发展的主要成就；阐述了中国农业发展进人 新阶段的主要特点以及加人WTO后面临的机遇与挑战；全面分析了中国农业科技发展的主要成就、今后的发展 方向以及调整重点，并提出了相应的对策建议。

关键词： 中国农业     发展与成就     新阶段     农业科技     成就与展望    

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Studies on advanced water-cooled reactors beyond generation III for power generation

CHENG Xu

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 141-149 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0018-6

摘要： China s ambitious nuclear power program motivates the country s nuclear community to develop advanced reactor concepts beyond generation III to ensure a long-term, stable, and sustainable development of nuclear power. The paper discusses some main criteria for the selection of future water-cooled reactors by considering the specific Chinese situation. Based on the suggested selection criteria, two new types of water-cooled reactors are recommended for future Chinese nuclear power generation. The high conversion pressurized water reactor utilizes the present PWR technology to a large extent. With a conversion ratio of about 0.95, the fuel utilization is increased about 5 times. This significantly improves the sustainability of fuel resources. The supercritical water-cooled reactor has favorable features in economics, sustainability and technology availability. It is a logical extension of the generation III PWR technology in China. The status of international R&D work is reviewed. A new supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR) core structure (the mixed reactor core) and a new fuel assembly design (two-rows FA) are proposed. The preliminary analysis using a coupled neutron-physics/thermal-hydraulics method is carried out. It shows good feasibility for the new design proposal.

关键词： Chinese situation     selection     generation     water-cooled     feasibility    

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China’s Engineering Education: Situation & Outlook

Zhu Gao-feng

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第1期   页码 105-112 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014010

摘要： Since China's drive in 1978 to implement national reforms and open it up to the outside world,its higher education sectorhas made rapid progressin the field of engineering and has been able to achieverapid expansion of scale,Positive change in educational structure,more education investment, improved teaching quality, Educational reform and international cooperation. While praising the achievements,we need toacknowledgethat there are also some problems in China's engineering education, asimbalancebetweensupplyanddemand,homogeneity of goals and patterns, Lack of practice,curriculum system not aligned with the characteristics of engineering,insufficient importance attached to innovation and entrepreneurial education, Poor competence mix.In light of China's process of modernization and the Outline, we forecast that:competition between universities will intensify and the supply-demand imbalance will be alleviated, differentiation depends on the reform of engineer system and administrative university classification,quality of engineering education will be improved with a complete quality assurance system,industrial transformation will be conducive to joint talent development by universities and businesses,instructors will be the mainstay of educational reform,quality of students should be improved in many different ways. As China's modernization accelerates, the quality of its engineering education is getting better and better. We expect to work closely with foreign colleagues to improve the quality to turn out engineering talents meeting the demand of national development.

关键词： engineering     education     situation     outlooks    

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美国绿色BIM应用现状及其对中国建设领域的影响分析

杨宇,尹航

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第8期   页码 103-112

摘要：

近年来，绿色BIM（building information modeling）受到美国等发达国家建设领域的广泛关注与重视，多数运用绿色BIM技术的建筑工程项目也获得了能够有效兼顾可持续性与经济性的良好效果。尽管绿色BIM实践中仍存在诸多问题，但绿色BIM已成为建设领域未来发展的必然趋势。笔者基于绿色BIM在美国的应用现状对其在中国建设领域的影响进行了初步分析，分析认为，相较于美国的绿色BIM，中国的绿色BIM起步较晚，技术上也存在巨大差距，在发展过程中，应充分借鉴绿色BIM在美国的成熟实践经验，并结合中国建设领域的特点，形成符合中国国情的绿色BIM操作流程、重视绿色BIM在不同类型建筑工程项目中的运用、重视建筑材料及可再生能源的选择和使用、加强BIM软件及相关技术本土化和政府投入，以有效推动绿色建筑发展、实现节能减排目标。

关键词： BIM     绿色BIM     绿色建筑     可持续性     经济性     建设领域    

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Current situation and development of wind power in China

BAO Nengsheng, NI Weidou

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 371-383 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0056-4

摘要： The current development of wind power in China was presented in this paper. Many regions such as Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and southeast coastal region, etc. in China have abundant wind energ

关键词： Xinjiang     current development     Mongolia Autonomous     southeast coastal     Autonomous    

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Impact of renewable energies on the operation and economic situation of coal fired power stations: Actualsituation of coal fired power stations in Germany

Hans-Joachim KRAUTZ, Alexander LISK, Joachim POSSELT, Christian KATZER

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 119-125 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0468-4

摘要： Due to the fluctuating character of the renewable energy sources the demand of conventional power plants for flexibility is increasing. In the recent years, in Germany there has been a fast rise of production capacity of renewable energies, especially from wind turbines, photovoltaic installations, and biomass plants. The installed nominal power of wind turbines is actually (December 2016) 42 GW and of photovoltaic installations 40?GW. The renewable electric energy production in Germany is about 190?TWh/a, which represents a share of 33% of the yearly demand. The increased need for flexibility affects both the power gradients as well as the minimum load of conventional power plants. Due to this flexibility behaviour, conventional power plants are faced with problems concerning the durability of power plant components, corrosion, more maintenance effort and consequently the overall life expectancy. Another consequence of the increasing share of renewable energies is the decreasing full load operating hours, especially of coal fired and gas power plants. Along with decreasing revenues from the energy exchange market, coal fired power plants are faced with new economically challenges.

关键词： flexible load operation     minimal load     power gradients     power plant maintenance     corrosion     life expectancy    

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Present situation and classification of piezoelectric pump

Fang YE, Shouyin WANG, Wei CHENG, Qixiao XIA, Jianhui ZHANG,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第4卷 第4期   页码 420-429 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0052-7

摘要： According to the present classification method for a piezoelectric pump, this paper reviews the development and present situation of piezoelectric pumps in the latest 30 years and finally puts forward a new classification. A volumetric piezoelectric pump, which belongs to traditional volumetric pumps, can be divided into a piezoelectric pump with or without valves. A new valveless piezoelectric pump nowadays becomes a hot issue in scientific research. It is constructed by using no-moving-part valves, which can induce positive flow resistance and negative flow resistance different, and in which the inlet and outlet are connected all the time. New forms of piezoelectric pumps, different from traditional ones, are only at the stage of conception and principle, and no practical application has been reported.

关键词： piezoelectric pump     development and present situation     new classification method     valveless piezoelectric pump     new forms of piezoelectric pump    

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The current phosphate recycling situation in China and Germany: a comparative review

null

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 403-418 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019287

摘要：

Phosphorus (P) is an indispensable element for organisms but the primary source of P—mineral phosphate resources—are non-renewable. Agricultural production has a high demand for fossil phosphate resources, but the resulting phosphate-rich residues are lack of management. This leads to rapid reserves depletion and severe phosphate pollution risks. One sustainable way is to reuse the phosphate dispersed in various residues such as sewage sludge and livestock manure. Diverse techniques have emerged to recover phosphate from wastes to close the phosphate cycle. While it is a global issue, the regional situations regarding potential phosphate scarcity and its management differ strongly. China is rich in phosphate resources, but over-exploitation has greatly increased the risk of phosphate rocks depletion, while in Germany the P resources depend on imports, but there is commitment to keep a balance between import and utilization. This had led to great differences in the way the two countries deal with the “re-use” of phosphate in waste. China is now in a transition phase from the simple terminal pollution control to “waste” reuse and nutrient resources recycling. One sign of this tendency is the mandatory garbage classification and preparation for further processing and recycling. This was first implemented in Shanghai in 2019, whereas Germany has been following the legal framework for waste management since the 19th century. There are a series of laws to control the nutrient loss from municipal and agricultural activities, as for instance with sewage sludge ordinance and fertilizer legislation. Many of these laws have been newly revised recently. Sewage sludge cannot be directly utilized on farmland as organic fertilizer any more. Alternatively, phosphate and other nutrients should be recovered from sewage sludge. Advanced phosphate recovery technologies and related nutrient recycling schemes are proceeding. This review summarizes the current situation of phosphate-containing residues management and phosphate reuse in China and Germany. The state legislation and policies, which would affect the phosphate recycling concept are presented as well. As there are various kinds of phosphate-containing residues, different phosphate recovery technologies can be applied. Those technologies are discussed from their mechanism and suitability.

关键词： phosphate recovery     manure     sewage sludge     ordinances     technologies    

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Antimicrobial use in food animal production: situation analysis and contributing factors

Ziping WU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第3期   页码 301-311 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018207

摘要：

By measuring the quantity and ways in which antimicrobials are used, and reviewing different technical and socioeconomic factors influencing antimicrobial use at farm level, this study discusses the main knowledge gaps in antimicrobial use in food animal production and provides recommendations for future research and policy development. The review reveals that antimicrobial use in food animals exhibit strong regional and species differences, and there are still large information gaps concerning the current state of antimicrobial use. Factors associated with animal health (including antimicrobial resistance), animal health improvement, economic costs and benefits relevant to animal diseases, and potential technological alternatives or alternative systems all have an impact on antimicrobial use on the farm. There is a clear need to resolve the data gap by monitoring antimicrobial use and developing an analytical framework to better understand farmer behaviors under different technical, economic and environmental circumstances.

关键词： antimicrobial use     drivers for antimicrobial use     food animal production    

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我国能源形势及发展对策

吴贵辉

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第4期   页码 4-8

摘要：

总结了近年来我国能源发展取得的成绩，研究分析了我国能源发展面临的形势和挑战，提出了当前和今后一个时期能源工作的主要任务。特别强调保证能源安全供应是能源战线的一项首要任务、基本任务和长期任务，同时要大力节约能源，调整优化能源结构，加快能源科技自主创新，扩大能源国际合作，推动能源科学发展，为经济社会健康、持续、协调发展提供保障。

关键词： 能源     能源现状     能源问题     能源任务    

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中国农产品质量安全追溯体系建设现状和未来发展

胡云锋,孙九林,张千力,韩月琪

《中国工程科学》 2018年 第20卷 第2期   页码 57-62 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.02.009

摘要：

农产品质量安全追溯是通过标识农产品从生产到市场全过程信息、落实农产品质量安全监管主体责任的重要手段；农产品质量安全追溯体系建设，对于保障“从农田到餐桌”的食品安全、促进我国农业现代化具有重要意义。本文首先简要回顾了欧盟、美国等发达国家和地区农产品质量安全追溯体系建设历史，分析了发达国家农产品追溯体系建设的主要经验及其对中国农产品追溯体系建设的启示。在此基础上，详细总结了2000年以来中国农产品质量安全追溯体系在法律法规建设、标准编码研制、关键技术研发重点和平台研发应用四个方面的发展现状，并根据国际发展趋势和中国农产品追溯产业发展需要，提出了近期我国农产品质量安全追溯体系建设的四项目标和三项建议。

关键词： 农产品     质量和安全     追溯体系     发展现状     发展建议    

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中国食用油安全战略转变：国内条件与国际情景

马文杰

《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第1期   页码 42-47 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.006

摘要：

食用油料成为我国对国际市场依存度最大的大宗农产品，是造成农产品国际贸易逆差的主要成因。国产植物油料的大量进口对国家粮食与食物安全、居民消费甚至国民经济均产生较为重要的影响。在新的粮食安全战略下，我国食用油作物面积增长空间有限、兼用油源生产潜力巨大，但转化为现实产量困难重重，未来消费量将进一步增加。在国产植物油料大量进口新常态下，世界食用油生产潜力巨大、我国具有从世界市场稳定获取食用油料的能力、食用油料供给安全外部环境复杂。针对新的国内条件与国际情景，论文给出我国新的食用油安全战略：维持能力、保留基准、积极进口、健康消费。

关键词： 食用油     国内条件     国际情景     生产潜力     战略转变    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Current situation and challenge of registry in China

null

期刊论文

Consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) for traditional Chinese medicine: current situation

Zhaoxiang Bian, Baoyan Liu, David Moher, Taixiang Wu, Youping Li, Hongcai Shang, Chungwah Cheng

期刊论文

Decentralized wastewater treatment technologies and management in Chinese villages

Xuesong GUO,Zehang LIU,Meixue CHEN,Junxin LIU,Min YANG

期刊论文

中国农业发展现状与展望

卢良恕

期刊论文

Studies on advanced water-cooled reactors beyond generation III for power generation

CHENG Xu

期刊论文

China’s Engineering Education: Situation & Outlook

Zhu Gao-feng

期刊论文

美国绿色BIM应用现状及其对中国建设领域的影响分析

杨宇,尹航

期刊论文

Current situation and development of wind power in China

BAO Nengsheng, NI Weidou

期刊论文

Impact of renewable energies on the operation and economic situation of coal fired power stations: Actualsituation of coal fired power stations in Germany

Hans-Joachim KRAUTZ, Alexander LISK, Joachim POSSELT, Christian KATZER

期刊论文

Present situation and classification of piezoelectric pump

Fang YE, Shouyin WANG, Wei CHENG, Qixiao XIA, Jianhui ZHANG,

期刊论文

The current phosphate recycling situation in China and Germany: a comparative review

null

期刊论文

Antimicrobial use in food animal production: situation analysis and contributing factors

Ziping WU

期刊论文

我国能源形势及发展对策

吴贵辉

期刊论文

中国农产品质量安全追溯体系建设现状和未来发展

胡云锋,孙九林,张千力,韩月琪

期刊论文

中国食用油安全战略转变：国内条件与国际情景

马文杰

期刊论文